Insomnia and Pregnancy: Two Very Different Sleep Disturbances

Everyone has had a bout of “can’t sleep” or “can’t stay asleep” at least once. Most of us know why it happens, though sometimes we won’t admit it. Too much caffeine, jet lag, an illness or stressful event can keep us up for a night or two. But chronic bouts of sleeplessness, known as insomnia, can be caused by stress, anxiety, depression, sleep-cycle disorders, changes in the environment or work shift, unhealthy habits, or any number of medications. Some people become so anxious about falling asleep that this anxiety leads to insomnia and a vicious cycle of sleeplessness. Resulting behavior problems could arise in feelings of impulsiveness or aggressiveness, difficulties in school or at work, or in personal relationships with family, friends or coworkers. About 10 percent of the general population suffers from symptoms that add up to a diagnosis of “insomnia.”

Pregnancy is a condition in which women quite commonly experience sleep disturbances due to hormonal, physical or mental changes. Sleep disturbances have especially been noted in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the first trimester, changing levels of the hormone progesterone can lead to nausea, vomiting and fatigue. In the third trimester, the expectant mother may be physically uncomfortable. That discomfort and emotions such as excitement, anxiety or worry can disrupt sleep.

Snoring and Sleep Apnea

There is a strong correlation between snoring and sleep apnea. In many cases, doctors believe that snoring can be a serious sign of apnea, a breathing disorder that has been linked to heart attacks, high blood pressure and increased stroke risk.

Snoring itself is not cause for concern unless it keeps up half the household because of the decibel level. But that noise level could result in the snorer awakening himself several times a night, not allowing for a good night’s sleep. Tiredness and fatigue are signs that the person did not sleep well. Snoring is caused by relaxed throat muscles, an allergy, nasal deformities or asthma.

Apnea can strike anyone, at any age, weight or gender. This occurs when the upper airways of the throat are blocked by relaxed tissues, such as your tongue, resulting in interrupted periods of breathing. Waking is the body’s increased effort to overcome blocked airways. Alcohol and drugs that cause muscles to relax can exacerbate this condition. Age is one factor you can’t do much about, but cutting out that last alcoholic drink or cigarette of the night could help you get a better night’s sleep. Sleep apnea is more common in those older than 60, and a contributing factor may be that those of older ages sleep more lightly than other age groups.