According to the American Liver Foundation, an estimated 30 million people have some form of liver disease. Although there are more than 100 types of liver disease, the number of cases of hepatitis C, liver cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise.
Even more frightening, an estimated 6 million children suffer from NAFLD. NAFLD is responsible for the most cases of chronic liver disease in children and adults.
Learning what risk factors apply to this family of potentially life-threatening diseases and identifying whether you may be in danger is the first step to proactive health care.
Are you at Risk for Liver Disease?
While some cases of liver disease are genetic and therefore not preventable, there are other cases in which liver disease is a direct result of lifestyle choices and habits. Understanding which risk factors you can control and avoid can help you make smart decisions for your health and eliminate some of the potential for developing liver disease. Those risk factors that may affect you but that you can’t change (such as heredity) are still important to know about so that you can monitor your health and seek medical advice when necessary.
Here are some of the risks of developing liver disease.
- Alcoholism: Alcohol-related liver disease occurs as a result of the excessive consumption of alcohol. This is probably the best-known and most preventable form of liver disease.
- Toxins: There is some risk of liver disease that has been linked to exposure to certain chemicals or toxic substances, either through the mouth, via inhalation or through skin absorption. An example of this type of liver disease is toxic hepatitis.
- Obesity: Because being overweight can cause an over-accumulation of fat cells in the liver, obesity is a major concern when it comes to liver disease. The acids these fat cells secrete can kill healthy cells and scar the liver, causing sclerosis and liver damage. This condition is known as fatty liver disease, or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- Reactions to certain prescription or over-the-counter drugs: Tylenol, or acetaminophen, is known to cause liver damage when taken in large doses or when taken regularly with alcohol. This is only one example of the effect that drugs can have on the liver. Always be sure to read warning labels on all over-the-counter or prescription drugs and follow dosage directions carefully. Consult your physician or pharmacist with any questions or concerns you have.
- Viruses: If you contracted hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, you are at an increased risk for developing chronic liver disease. These viruses are known to affect the liver and cause damage. There are some ways to avoid contracting these diseases, such as practicing caution when visiting countries where hepatitis is a common concern. Also, certain strains of the hepatitis virus are linked to intravenous or intranasal drug use, engaging in high-risk sexual behavior or working in health care professions that come into contact with blood.
- Bile duct disorders: If you have been diagnosed with a bile duct disorder such as primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis, you are at an elevated risk for liver disease.
- Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases can cause liver damage and result in chronic liver disease, such as autoimmune hepatitis. If you’re unsure if your particular autoimmune disease is linked to potential liver disease, discuss any concerns with your physician. This is not a preventable situation -- it is simply important to understand the risks associated with your condition so you can monitor your health properly.
- Heredity: There are some hereditary conditions that can cause liver disease as well. Hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease are examples of hereditary health issues that may lead to chronic liver disease.
Liver disease can be a debilitating condition. When the liver fails, dialysis is a solution for a certain period, with partial or full liver transplant surgery being the next step in potential recovery.
If you feel you may be at risk for liver disease, these following suggestions will help you in your efforts to be proactive about your health.
- Live a healthy lifestyle: Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables and lean meats. Avoid fatty foods, sugar and high-calorie dietary habits.
- Exercise regularly: A devoted exercise regimen can decrease the risks of becoming overweight and can help ensure liver health.
- Restrict alcohol intake: If you think you’re drinking too much, you probably are. Limit alcohol to special occasions and don’t overdo it. Your liver will thank you.Be careful when mixing medications, vitamins and supplements: There are many medicines and supplements on the market that don’t mix well. Be sure to consult your physician or pharmacist whenever you add a new prescription or over-the-counter pill, syrup or powder to your healthcare routine. You may have the best intentions by adding a simple, all-natural supplement, but you could hurt your liver in the process.
- Get tested: If you believe you’ve put yourself at risk for a hepatitis virus, tell your doctor and get tested to rule out or confirm the virus. Knowledge is the first step to taking control of your health.