The third type of neuropathy is autonomic nerve neuropathy. This involves the autonomic nerves, which are in charge of unconscious bodily functions. Examples of this would be breathing or heartbeat. Needless to say, damage to this system is dangerous.
The fourth type of neuropathy is a grouping known as combination neuropathies. This involves a combination of two or three of the aforementioned neuropathies. For example, a patient may have sensory-motor neuropathy.
So just what causes peripheral neuropathy?
The most common reason for peripheral neuropathy is diabetes. That’s because diabetes affects nerve function in general. It is believed that between 60 and 70 percent of those with diabetes have suffered some type of nerve damage as a result of the disease.
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, when one suffers from diabetic neuropathy, “nerve damage occurs in an ascending pattern.” This starts with the nerves associated with distant areas of the body in relation to the brain and spinal cord. This is why pain and numbness of the extremities are some of the telltale symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.
Aside from diabetes, other factors can cause peripheral nerve damage. The U.S. National Library of Medicine says that these can include autoimmune disorders (like lupus), kidney disease, HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), liver infections, vitamin deficiencies (such as a lack of vitamin B12), metabolic disease, heavy metal poisoning, inadequate blood flow in the legs, and an underactive thyroid. Broken bones, heavy, prolonged drinking, medications, nerve pressure, cold temperatures and poorly fitting casts can cause nerve damage. And finally, neuropathy can be inherited.