GNS can be caused by a nail detachment (onycholysis) that allows moisture under the nail. As a result of excess moisture, a bacteria called pseudomonas forms and causes GNS in finger or toenails. Other contributing factors that allow pseudomonas to thrive are wearing tight fitting shoes for extended periods of time, dishwashing, cooking, etc. Basically any type of activity or job where the nail is frequently exposed to excess moisture can cause the onset of GNS. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, GNS responds well to treatments such as topical ointments and antibiotics, although in certain cases a portion of the nail will need to be removed.

Terry’s Nails

Terry’s nails is a condition caused by a decreased blood supply to the nail bed, which is characterized by the majority of the nail turning white with red or dark tips. It is most often an indication that you’re suffering from cirrhosis of the liver, liver, kidney or heart failure, or diabetes. It can also be indicative of malnutrition or an overactive thyroid. While the condition can also be caused by anemia that results from low iron levels, because of the severity of the other causes (about 80 percent of patients with liver cirrhosis have this condition), make an appointment to get yourself checked if you notice your nail beds becoming progressively whiter.

Onychogryphosis

Onychogryphosis, also known as Ram’s Horn Nails, is a condition, most often in the toenails (and specifically in the big toe), where the nails become thickened, curved, and in some cases, horn-like. This condition is common among the elderly, and is often caused by long periods of wearing ill-fitting shoes, like high heels. Another cause of this condition is a fungal infection - which may also cause the nails to become discolored and crumble. It can also be caused by psoriasis or reactive arthritis, where the body’s immune system attacks the joints, muscles, or other body parts after suffering from an infection.

In most cases, treatment is limited to just trimming the affected nails. In some cases, however, the nails become so thick that they are very difficult or impossible to cut with nail clippers; in these cases, they may need to be removed by a doctor.