What Is Diverticulitis?
As we age, it is common for the digestive tract, particularly the lower part of the large intestine, or colon, to form small, bulging pouches in its lining, called diverticula. The pouches form in naturally weak spots in the lining when they give way under pressure, forming marble-sized pockets that protrude through the colon wall. When these pouches form, it’s a condition called diverticulosis, and, in most cases, it is asymptomatic and does not lead to problems.
This condition is so common that experts say more than half of Americans over the age of 60 have developed diverticula. Most adults who have them won’t even realize that they are present. The only indications typically are some bloating or cramping in the lower abdomen, potentially accompanied by some blood in the stool that may or may not be noticeable.
The exact cause of this condition is not known, but it is believed that diet plays a significant role in the creation of these pouches. Diets high in animal fats and processed foods and low in fiber cause the body to form hard stools or suffer constipation. These factors force people to strain to pass stools, putting pressure on the colon and intestines.
Once the pouches have formed, this type of strain may cause one or more of the pouches to tear, and small pieces of feces become trapped in the pouches, causing infection, inflammation or both. This infection or inflammation is called diverticulitis. Symptom onset is typically rapid and severe, causing sufferers extreme abdominal pain, fever, nausea and a marked change in bowel movements. Treatment for this condition varies depending on the severity of the case -- ranging from antibiotic treatment to surgery to remove the affected tissues.